Difference Between Wet and Dry Macular Degeneration

Aging can alter the components of the eye, leading to various age-related eye diseases, with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) being one of the most prevalent causes of vision loss. AMD affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision, causing a gradual and often irreversible decline in this vision while leaving peripheral vision intact.

Macular degeneration is a common condition, particularly among older adults. It’s one of the leading causes of vision loss in people over the age of 60. The rampancy of macular degeneration tends to increase with age, making it a significant concern for an aging population. Other risk factors include family history, genetics, smoking, diet, nutrition, sunlight exposure, obesity, hypertension, ethnicity (Caucasians are at a higher risk compared to African Americans and Hispanics) and gender (women are more likely to develop macular degeneration than men, possibly due to their longer life expectancy).

Macular degeneration is categorized into 2 distinct types: wet and dry. Wet macular degeneration (exudative AMD) is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina and macula. These vessels leak blood and fluid, causing swelling and scarring of the macula which can lead to a more acute and severe loss of central vision. Wet AMD accounts for approximately 10% of all AMD cases, but it is responsible for most of the severe vision loss associated with the disease. This type of AMD can develop suddenly and requires immediate medical intervention for effective treatment and management. Wet AMD can be treated with medications that inhibit abnormal blood vessel growth (anti-VEGF therapy), laser therapy or photodynamic therapy to reduce leakage and preserve vision.

In contrast, dry macular degeneration (atrophic AMD) involves the gradual formation of small yellowish deposits called drusen beneath the macula. Over time, these deposits lead to thinning and drying of the macula. Dry AMD progresses more slowly than the wet form, with early stages often showing no noticeable changes in vision. As the condition advances to the intermediate stage, vision may become blurry or wavy, but significant vision loss typically does not occur until the late stage, when central vision may be severely compromised. Dry AMD accounts for about 90% of all AMD cases. There are no specific treatments to halt progression, but management strategies include lifestyle changes, nutritional supplements, and low vision aids to help manage symptoms and maintain quality of life.

To diagnose and manage macular degeneration, your ophthalmologist may conduct various tests, including the Amsler grid test, a dilated eye exam, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography. Although there is no cure for macular degeneration, early detection and treatment can slow its progression and alleviate symptoms. For a thorough evaluation of your eye health and to discuss treatment options, schedule an appointment with Retina Consultants of Nevada by calling 702-369-0200 or visiting WEBSITE.