Retinal Tumors: Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options
A diagnosis of a retinal tumor can be an overwhelming and life-altering experience. The news often triggers a wide range of emotional and mental responses so it’s important to acknowledge and address these feelings as part of the overall treatment and recovery process. While ocular cancer is extremely rare, around 3,500 new cases are diagnosed each year. Learning about the specific type of retinal tumor, treatment options and prognosis can reduce fear of the unknown and provide a sense of control. In addition, keeping up with the latest research and advancements in treatment to feel more empowered about your healthcare choices will help you to set realistic goals and adjust expectations along the way.
Among cancers of the eye, retinoblastoma, melanoma of the eye and retinal hemangioma are 3 significant conditions classified as retinal tumors that require attention. Though not always cancerous, early intervention is necessary for the best possible outcome and least invasive remedy.
Retinoblastoma is a rare type of eye cancer that predominantly affects young children, typically before the age of 5, and usually affecting both eyes. It develops when the cells in the retina multiply uncontrollably and it is sometimes attributed to genetics. Symptoms include leukocoria, a white reflection from the pupil often noticeable in photos, strabismus, also known as crossed eyes, poor vision, vision loss, redness, and swelling. Diagnosis is determined by a dilated eye exam, imaging tests such as MRI, CT scans or ultrasound, and sometimes genetic testing. Systemic or localized chemotherapy to shrink the tumor, laser therapy, cryotherapy, radiation therapy or enucleation (removal of the eye) serve as the various treatment options for retinoblastoma.
Ocular melanoma develops in the cells responsible for the pigment (color) of the eye. It commonly affects the middle layer of the eye that contains the iris, ciliary body and choroid. Symptoms include blurred vision, vision loss, dark spots, flashes and floaters in the field of vision, change in pupil size and pain or pressure in the eye. An ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp examination along with imaging tests like ultrasound, fluorescein angiography and MRI are part of a complete diagnostic plan. Occasionally a biopsy may be needed to confirm diagnosis. Treatments include radiation therapy, laser treatment, photodynamic therapy which utilizes light-activated drugs to kill cancer cells, and in rare instances, surgery to remove the eye.
Retinal hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor of the retina. It can occur sporadically or as part of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, a genetic disorder that leads to multiple tumors and cysts in different parts of the body. Symptoms include blurred vision and floaters that can lead to more serious complications such as retinal detachment or macular edema. A thorough examination of the retina using an ophthalmoscope allows the eye specialist to visualize the hemangioma. Imaging tests like fluorescein angiography that involves injecting a dye into the bloodstream and taking photos of the retina to highlight blood vessels and detect abnormalities as well as an optical coherence test to view cross-sectional images of the retina, helps assess the severity of the structural changes within the retina. Treatments include laser photocoagulation, cryotherapy, radiation therapy, monitoring for small hemangioma and retinal detachment repair through surgery.
Early detection and appropriate treatment of eye tumors like retinoblastoma, melanoma of the eye, and retinal hemangioma are crucial for preserving vision and overall health. Regular eye check-ups, awareness of symptoms, and prompt medical attention are essential for effective management. If you or someone you know experiences symptoms related to these conditions, seeking an ophthalmologist’s expertise is vital. Advances in medical technology and treatments continue to improve outcomes for patients with these serious eye conditions.
Retinal imaging has become an invaluable tool in modern ophthalmology, providing detailed views of the retina that are essential for diagnosing and managing various eye conditions. When included as part of a comprehensive eye exam, retinal imaging offers numerous benefits that enhance the accuracy, efficiency and scope of eye care. To schedule your appointment, contact Retina Consultants of Nevada at 702-369-0200 or WEBSITE.